Roman Empire

The Roman Empire, centered on the city of Rome, was established in 27 BCE following the demise of the Roman Republic. It expanded and endured for centuries, encompassing a vast territory across three continents. Its history can be divided into distinct periods: Period of Kings (625-510 BC), Republican Rome (510-31 BC), and Imperial Rome (31 BC – AD 476). The empire reached its maximum extent by AD 117. It faced challenges including civil wars, the rise of Christianity, economic difficulties, and invasions. The Western Roman Empire fell in AD 476, while the Eastern Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire, survived until 1453. The empire was a political system in which a group of people were ruled by a single individual, an emperor or empress. Its influence spread throughout the Mediterranean area, with its impact being felt in areas such as law, government, engineering, and languages.